The
just-concluded national elections in India represent the hopes and
aspirations of 1.2 billion, or one in six people living on our planet
earth.
India is the world’s largest democracy, and the most complex. More
than any other country, India represents a diversity of ethnic,
linguistic, religious, and regional mix of people who exercise their
democratic right to elect their government every few years.
Sometimes they get what they want, mostly they fail. Democracy gets
hijacked by professional politicians, thugs, criminals and absentee
landlords who spare no effort to ensure that people’s will is not
reflected in the final outcome.
The new government has its work cut out for it—thanks to years of
drift, extremely high level of corruption and lack of accountability.
The issues of greatest concern which the new government will need to
address immediately can be categorized in simple economic terms— on the
supply side and on the demand side.
Governance deficit
The most important issue on the supply side is lack of governance.
Governments are elected to provide governance. If they are unable to
govern, as has been the case with the current UPA (United Progressive
Alliance) government of Manmohan Singh, they have no moral right to
remain in power.
All that he and his team have been keen on, so it appears, is to continue enjoying the perks of office without doing their job.
Troublingly, there has been very little governance in India even
during the best of times, but the Manmohan Singh government has broken
all records of non-governance (if there can be such a term) and drift. A
new government, likely under the leadership of Narendra Modi, is
expected to cap this governance deficit.
Corruption wherever you look
The second-most important issue before the new government will be
corruption. It is widely believed that India is one of the most, if not
the most, corrupt countries in the world. Left unchecked for too long by
successive Indian governments, corruption has now seeped down to each
and every level of society.
It would not be an exaggeration to say that corruption has become a part of our DNA. And yet, there were massive protests across India against corruption
during 2011-12. These protests ultimately led to the birth of the Aam
Aadmi Party (Common People’s Party), which swept to power in the local
New Delhi elections four months ago, before it was forced to resign for
lack of support on the floor of the assembly.
According to official statistics, the size of the Indian economy is
approaching the $2 trillion level. According to an IMF report, World
Economy Outlook, published in April 2013, the Indian GDP for the
financial year 2012 was $1.8 trillion and was expected to be $1.9
trillion for the financial year ended 2013-2014.
The other economy
But there is another economy — the underground economy or black
money, which is believed to be at least the size of the official
economy, or even larger.
This is the money generated by corruption, money taken by
politicians, money saved by not paying taxes, and money stolen from
numerous government funds and projects like NREGA (National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act) and the Food Security Bill, launched in 2013.
Most of this money is siphoned away to offshore bank
accounts in Switzerland or Mauritius. Any new Indian government must
institute adequate measures to tackle corruption and restore probity in
public life.
It’s the infrastructure deficit, stupid
The infrastructure deficit is the third-most important problem that
needs attention. India simply does not have the highways, the fast and
efficient train network, ports and airports that any modern economy
needs. As a result, it cannot handle the ever-increasing movement of
goods and people from one part of the country to another.
In this area too, Mr. Modi’s commitment to create jobs and
development projects will provide the vision and guidance to move in the right direction. And it will provide a benchmark, against which he
must deliver — and will be evaluated against.
No discourse on contemporary India is complete without looking at the
issue of gender. On the one hand, we have made great progress in
achieving equality among the sexes. That is evident if one looks at the
number of women who occupy important positions of status and power both
in the public and private sectors.
On the other hand, crimes against women and girls continue to rise,
largely due to government apathy and bureaucratic lethargy. The new
government must act to ensure respect for women, and quick dispensation
of justice for crimes against women.
What the Congress Party has wrought
The hopes and aspirations of the silent majority, over 800 million
Indians whom development has bypassed, constitute the demand side of the
Indian polity. Sixty years of governments headed by Congress — and
hence its quasi monopoly on political power — has left this huge segment
of the population earning less than 2 dollars a day.
For all the warm words spoken over the decades by the Gandhi clan,
two-thirds of India’s population still waits for water, food,
electricity, basic education and access to health/medical services.
This marginalized majority of the population and its conveniently
overlooked needs are also part of democratic India. For too long, these
people have only been the footnotes of Indian democracy, treated like
vote-delivering herds of cattle . Come election time, and these vote
banks are approached by professional politicians. The poor are the
repositories of power.
Having got what they need, the politicians then do the disappearing
act, and what remains visible until next election time is their
arrogance. It’s a tragic dance ritual really: First, they cast their vote to elect the very representatives who then
officially become their persecutors for the next five years.
Will it be different this time? One can only hope so. Decades of
neglect and exploitation, dashed hopes and broken promises may finally
bring about a rejection of the monopolizing, self-appropriating elites
and dynastic families from the Indian political landscape.